Confusing words (part 4)

21. Farther vs Further

The comparative form of “far” is “farther” or “further.”

In Short Stories in English for Beginners, I wrote this:

Walter had never travelled far. He had travelled around his home in Scotland. But he had not gone farther.

But I could have also used “further” in that sentence.

In British English “further” is more common. “Farther” is more used in American English.

“Further,” however, can also mean “additional” or “more.” “Farther” can't be used in this way.

• Example: Do you have any further questions?

22. Female vs Feminine

“Female” may be either a noun or an adjective that refers to the sex of women (or animals that lay eggs or give birth to babies).

Here’s a short story for you from Short Stories in English for Beginners.

Thoric went back to his house. He spoke to his parents and sister. His family were farmers. They had a little piece of land. They grew some crops. They raised animals as well. They kept the females. They sold the males.

In the passage above, I used “female” as a noun. But because “female” is also an adjective, you can use it to describe a noun.

Here’s an example:

• The website is very popular amongst female vocal enthusiasts.

“Feminine” is used to describe the qualities that we consider to be typical of women.

• Example: She looks so feminine when she wears that dress.

23. Fun vs Funny

In my experience, these are some of the most confusing English words for learners, so let’s clarify them once and for all.

If something is funny, it makes you laugh. A comedian, movie, or joke can be funny.

Here’s my example from Short Stories in English for Beginners

‘Hello?’ she shouted. ‘It’s Sylvia!’ No one answered. Suddenly, a noise came from within the house. OK, George, thought Sylvia. This isn’t funny anymore! Sylvia went to the door and opened it. She was totally unprepared for what she saw.

If something is fun, it means it’s pleasurable and enjoyable. Learning English is fun, isn’t it?

Laura wants to reach out and touch her husband. Then she remembers – she’s invisible. He’ll be afraid. For the first time, Laura starts to consider her situation. Being invisible is generally fun. It has advantages. However, she doesn’t want to be this way forever!