Косвенная речь — Reported Speech
Косвенная речь нужна, когда мы передаём слова другого человека не дословно, а рассказываем, что он сказал.
Прямая речь
Tom said: “I am tired.”
Том сказал: «Я устал».
Косвенная речь
Tom said that he was tired.
Том сказал, что он устал.
Главное изменение: мы перестаём цитировать человека дословно и встраиваем его слова в своё предложение.
1. He said that…
Самая простая конструкция:
He said that + предложение
that = «что».
She said that she was busy.
Она сказала, что занята.
Tom said that he liked the film.
Том сказал, что ему понравился фильм.
They said that they lived in London.
Они сказали, что живут в Лондоне.
That часто можно опустить:
She said that she was tired.
She said she was tired.
Оба варианта правильные.
2. Say и tell
Оба глагола могут переводиться как «сказать», но используются немного по-разному.
SAY
После say мы обычно не ставим человека напрямую.
He said that he was tired.
Он сказал, что устал.
❌ He said me that…
Но можно:
He said to me that he was tired.
TELL
После tell обычно сразу указываем, кому что сказали.
He told me that he was tired.
Он сказал мне, что устал.
She told us that she was busy.
Она сказала нам, что занята.
❌ She told that she was busy.
Запомнить можно так:
say something – сказать что-то
say to somebody – сказать кому-то
tell somebody something – сказать кому-то что-то
Сравни:
He said that he was tired.
He said to me that he was tired.
He told me that he was tired.
3. Изменение времени
Если мы передаём слова человека через глагол в прошлом:
He said…
то время внутри его первоначальной фразы часто сдвигается назад.
Present Simple → Past Simple
“I work here.”
→ He said that he worked there.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
“I am working.”
→ He said that he was working.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
“I have finished.”
→ He said that he had finished.
Past Simple → Past Perfect
“I saw Tom.”
→ He said that he had seen Tom.
will → would
“I will call you.”
→ He said that he would call me.
can → could
“I can swim.”
→ He said that he could swim.
must → had to
“I must go.”
→ He said that he had to go.
Небольшая таблица
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| I work | he worked |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| I am working | he was working |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| I have worked | he had worked |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| I worked | he had worked |
| will | would |
| will go | would go |
| can | could |
| can swim | could swim |
| must | had to |
Важно
Если глагол сообщения стоит в настоящем времени, время обычно не меняется:
He says, “I am tired.”
→ He says that he is tired.
А если:
He said, “I am tired.”
→ He said that he was tired.
4. Меняются местоимения
Мы передаём слова с точки зрения говорящего, поэтому местоимения тоже могут измениться.
Anna said: “I love my job.”
→ Anna said that she loved her job.
Tom said: “I will help you.”
→ Tom said that he would help me.
То есть:
I → he/she
my → his/her
you → me/him/her/us/them — в зависимости от ситуации.
5. Меняются некоторые слова
При пересказе могут изменяться слова, связанные со временем и местом.
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
yesterday → the day before
now → then
here → there
Например:
“I will see you tomorrow.”
→ He said that he would see me the next day.
“I saw her yesterday.”
→ He said that he had seen her the day before.
“I am working here.”
→ He said that he was working there.
6. Косвенные вопросы
Здесь особенно важно понять одну вещь:
косвенный вопрос больше не имеет порядка слов обычного вопроса.
Прямой вопрос:
“Where do you live?”
Косвенный:
He asked me where I lived.
Не:
❌ where did I live
А:
✅ where I lived
Вопросы с вопросительным словом
Прямой вопрос:
“What are you doing?”
→ She asked me what I was doing.
“Where does he work?”
→ She asked me where he worked.
“Why did you leave?”
→ He asked me why I had left.
Обрати внимание: внутри косвенного вопроса используется обычный порядок слов:
subject + verb
а не:
❌ verb + subject
7. Вопросы Yes / No
Если прямой вопрос начинается с Do / Does / Did / Is / Are / Can / Will и т. д., в косвенном вопросе часто используется if или whether.
“Are you tired?”
→ He asked me if I was tired.
“Do you like coffee?”
→ She asked me if I liked coffee.
“Did Tom call?”
→ She asked me if Tom had called.
“Can you help me?”
→ He asked me if I could help him.
if / whether = ли
8. Say и ask
Для утверждений:
He said that…
Для вопросов:
He asked me if…
или:
He asked me where…
Сравни:
“I am tired.”
→ He said that he was tired.
“Are you tired?”
→ He asked if I was tired.
“Where do you live?”
→ He asked where I lived.
Главное в одной схеме
Утверждение
“I am busy.”
→ He said that he was busy.
Вопрос Yes/No
“Are you busy?”
→ He asked if I was busy.
Вопрос с вопросительным словом
“Where do you work?”
→ He asked where I worked.
Задания
Задание 1. Переделай в косвенную речь
Tom said, “I am tired.”
Anna said, “I work in a bank.”
Mark said, “I have finished my homework.”
Lisa said, “I saw John yesterday.”
Peter said, “I will call you tomorrow.”
Kate said, “I can help you.”
They said, “We are waiting for you.”
Jack said, “I must leave now.”
Задание 2. Выбери правильный вариант
He said that he ___ tired.
a) is
b) was
c) were
She told me that she ___ in London.
a) lived
b) lives
c) living
Tom said that he ___ call me.
a) will
b) would
c) can
Anna told ___ that she was busy.
a) that
b) me
c) to me
He said ___ he didn’t know the answer.
a) me
b) to
c) that
Задание 3. Переделай вопросы
“Where do you live?”
→ She asked me …
“What are you doing?”
→ He asked me …
“Why did you leave?”
→ She asked me …
“Do you like this film?”
→ He asked me …
“Are you coming tomorrow?”
→ She asked me …
“Can you help me?”
→ He asked me …
Задание 4. Исправь ошибки
He said me that he was tired.
She told that she was busy.
He asked me where did I live.
She asked me do I like coffee.
Tom said that he will call me.
Anna told to me that she was ill.
Задание 5. Переведи
Он сказал, что устал.
Она сказала мне, что живёт в Лондоне.
Том сказал, что позвонит мне завтра.
Он спросил меня, где я работаю.
Она спросила, люблю ли я кофе.
Он сказал, что видел её накануне.
Они сказали, что не могут нам помочь.
Она спросила меня, почему я ушёл.
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