Phonetics, reading rules for Unified State Exam

Pronunciation + Intonation

Аспирация /p/, /t/,/k/

• Pen, pot, parrot, pick

• Task, time, top, temp

• Cat, carrot, cod, cold

tr, dr

• Train, tram, training, trip, trumpet

• Drums, drop, drive, driver, drugstore

/x/

• A black cat sat on a mat

• Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

• Ann Anteater ate Andy Alligator's apples, so angry Andy Alligator ate Ann Anteater's ants

th /T/, /D/

• Moth, this, tenth, thing, thin

• The thirty three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday

• Thirty thousand thoughtless boys thought they would make a thundering noise. So the thirty thousand thumbs thumbed on the thirty thousand drums.

/T/, /D/ vs /z/, /s/

• Is this the thing? - Yes, this is the thing.
• Sam's third thalamus is thoughtful.
• Thickets don't think about getting sick. 
• Thunder sunders thick sticks. 

/w/, /v/

• W ally W inkle wriggles his w hite, wrinkled w ig.
• W ayne w ent to W ales to w atch w alruses.

• V ictor’s friend V incent rinsed his v ests in v inegar.
• V ivacious V ivian loved to v oice v igorous v erses v ociferously.

• W ild v ines make fine v intage w ines.
• W hich is w orse v erse - W endy's v erse or W ayne's v erse?
• W oollen v ests for w ailing w olves are w orn in the v ast w oodlands. 

/L/, /W/

• born – burn
• walk-work
• form-firm
• torn-turn
• for-fir
• shirt-short

I was b or n in Moscow. I have a sh or t sh ir t but it’s t or n. I like w or king in my f ir m

/i/, /i:/

• Kit, sit, lid, pit, tip

• Feed, keep, sea, tea, feel, Pete, eve

• I s i t and f ee l an i ll b ee fly i ng betw ee n m ea t and g i fts

Linking r

The re i s a cat. The re a re dogs there. Whe re is a teacher?

Intonation

• General questions (Do…? Did….? Have…? Is….?)

• Special questions (What…? How many…?)

• Alternative questions

Is it a dress, a skirt or a bag?

Enumeration

I’ve got an apple, an orange, a banana and a peach

Examples

• What did you buy?
• I bought a book, a pen and a rubber
• Have you been to Africa?
• No, I haven’t
• Is there a lamp near the computer?
• Why does she write?

Паузы. Фразовое ударение.

Fines for littering are to double to £150 and

drivers will be held responsible for passengers

who throw rubbish out of their cars under

government plans to clean up the country.

Паузы. Фразовое ударение.

• Andrea Leadsom, the environment secretary,

will unveil the first national litter strategy today

in an effort to cut the £800 million clean-up bill

paid by taxpayers