Грамматика английского языка в таблицах

Условные обозначения
S –subject (подлежащее)
V – verb (глагол)
Pronouns
| I - я You -ты He - он She - она It – он,она(для предметов и животных) | | We - мы You - вы
They - они |
| My - мой Your - твой His - его Her –его Its – его, ее (для предметов и животных) | | Our - наш Your - ваш
Their - их |
| Me – мне, меня You – тебе, тебя Him – его, ему Her – ее, ей It –его, ей (для предметов и животных) | | Us – нас, нам You – вас,вам
Them – им, их |
Exercises
Личные местоимения (я, он, их, вас...)
(He, she, it) is a flower.
My granny lives in a country. I go to (her, she, them) on holidays.
My parents are doctors. (He, they, them) work in a hospital.
(She, I, he) love my mom.
I have a brother. Sometimes I ask (her, he, him) to help me.
(Them, they, it) are going to school at the moment.
(He, she, you) study very well.
Притяжательные местоимения (наше, ваш, твой, мой...)
My dad has a car. (Her, he, his) car is red.
(Their, them, they) house is quite big.
I have a boat. The boat is (my, mine, their).
I like (your, him, it) answer more than (me, its, theirs).
(My, mine, your) dog wails (his, her, its) tail when I come from school.
We live in a small town.
(Our, his, ours) town is very nice.
She wears (their, her, his) dress to school every day.
To be – быть
| I am You are He is She is It is | | We are You are
They are |
Упражнение 1: Вставьте правильную форму глагола to be: am, is, are.
1. I _____ a girl.
2. He ____ my brother.
3. She ____ my sister.
4. I ____ from London.
5. He ____ 17 years old.
6. She ___ a student.
7. They ____ our parents.
8. We ____ a family.
9. It ____ our dog.
10. You ____ our friend.
Упражнение 2:
My name (1) ____ Kate Rusak. I (2) ___ 12 years old and I (3) ____a student. My family (4) ____ from Moscow. My address (5) ____ Pushkina str., 9. My telephone number (6) ____ 345 78 54. I have a sister and a brother. Their names (7) ____ Pasha and Valya. Pasha (8) ____ 17 years old. He (9) ____ a sportsmen. His team (10) ____ the winner of the local championship. Valya (11) ____ 7 years old. Her school (12) ____ not far from our home. Our parents (13) ____ busy. My mother (14) ____ a doctor and my father (15) ____ a lawyer. We (16) ___ a very happy family. We spend every weekend together.
Упражнение 3
They isn’t/aren’t doctors. They are/is teachers. 2. I am/is a student. I go to school by bus. The bus stop is/are not far from our home. 3. I am/is sure that you is/are wrong. They are not/is not liars. 4. She are/is proud of you. You is/are a worker. 5. It is/am getting cold. You sweater are/is in your backpack.
Упражнение 4
Переведите на английский язык текст.
Меня зовут Кирилл. Мне 10 лет и я школьник. Я в 4 классе. У меня большая семья. Моя мама врач. Она сейчас в больнице. Мой папа не врач. Мой папа — спортсмен. Он сейчас на тренировке. У меня есть 2 бабушки и 2 дедушки. Они сейчас в деревне. Мы живем в Москве. Наш адрес: ул. Костромская, 18, кв. 76. Наш телефон 8 800 342 23 76.У меня есть сестра. Ее зовут Марина. Ей 15 лет. Она тоже школьница. Она любит читать и рисовать. Ее картины очень красивые. У нас дома есть много животных. Это наша кошка. Ее зовут Валя. Это наш попугай. Его зовут Кеша. Это наша собака. Ее зовут Барни. Мы все большая и дружная семья.
Have/has (got)
● S + have got -

I, you, we, they × S + have +not got -
? Have +S ? –
● S + has got -

He, she, it × S + has+not got -
? Has +S ? –
Упражнение 1.
I ________ a mouse
You _________a mouse.
He_________a mouse.
She_________a mouse.
I _________ no mouse.
You_________ no mouse.
He _________ no mouse.
She_________no mouse.
It _________ a sheep.
We _________ a sheep.
You _________ a sheep.
They _________a sheep.
It _________ no sheep.
We _________ no sheep.
You_________no sheep.
Упражнение 2.
I _________ long fair hair.
My mum _________ big blue eyes.
My dad ________ short dark hair.
I _________a little mouth.
My brother ______ little ears.
My friend __________a big nose.
My granny __________ a small face.
My teacher __________ short hair.
Упражнение 3.
We _____ got a green parrot.
She _____ got seven games.
They _____ n’t got a kite.
I _____ got a big bag.
_____ you got a blue pen?
_____it got a funny face?
He _____ n’t got a bike.
Упражнение 4.
____ you ______ any brothers or sisters?
_____ you _____ any children?
How many cousins ____you ____?
___ you ______ a cat or a dog?
______ your teacher _____a car?
_____ your mother _____ a house or a flat garden?
Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)
Употребление: описывает действия, которые происходят постоянно (регулярно)
| I, you, we, they | He, she, it | |
| S + V I watch TV every day | S + V+s (es) He watches TV every day She runs every day | ● |
| DO | DOES | |
| S + do+not + V You do not watch TV every day | S + does+not+V She does not watch TV every day He does not run every day | × |
| Do + S +V? Do you watch TV every day? | Does +S+V? Does she watch TV every day? Does he run every day? | ? |
NOTA BENE!!!!!
do + not = don’t
does + not = doesn’t
Short answers:
| Positive | Negative |
| Yes, I do | Yes, she does |
| No, I do not | No, she does not |
Слова-маркеры:
Every day – каждый день
Often - часто
Usually - обычно
Sometimes - иногда
Rarely - редко
Seldom - изредка
Always - всегда
Never – никогда
EXERCISES
1. Подставьте по смыслу следующие глаголы в предложения, используя настоящее простое время. Не забывайте об окончании –s, там где это необходимо. Переведите предложения.
eat (есть) – drink (пить) – live (жить) – forget (забывать) – sell (продавать) –
rise (подниматься) – belong (принадлежать) – invite (приглашать)
Н-р: She eats boiled eggs for breakfast. (Она съедает вареные яйца на завтрак.)
The sun …… in the east.
I …… coffee several times a day.
John always …… to turn off the light.
This cottage ……to our manager.
We…… flowers in the market.
My parents…… in Australia.
Frank never …… me to his birthdays.
2. Вы приехали к друзьям в гости. Расспросите их о городе, в котором они живут, используя таблицу внизу. Переведите получившиеся вопросы.
А В С
Do you open at 9 a.m.?
Does the nearest shop have a swimming pool nearby?
the restaurants work in the centre?
you change dollars?
that bank serve Italian food?
the buses go to the airport?
Н-р: Do you work in the center? – Вы работаете в центре?
…………
…………
…………
…………
…………
3. Расспросите Мэри о ней и ее муже Сэме. Составьте вопросы, используя действия внизу.
like opera (любить оперу) smoke (курить)
drive a car (водить машину) speak German (говорить на немецком)
have dogs or cats (иметь собак или кошек) listen to rock music (слушать рок музыку)
play tennis (играть в теннис) play the violin (играть на скрипке)
live in the country (жить за городом) go to the gym (ходить в спортзал)
Н-р: Do you live in the country? - No, we live in the city. (Нет, мы живем в городе.)
Does Sam play tennis? - Yes, he plays it twice a week. (Да, он играет в него
дважды в неделю.)
……………………? - Yes, I speak German. (Да, я говорю по-немецки.)
……………………? - No, but we have hamsters. (Нет, но у нас есть хомячки.)
……………………? - No, he doesn’t like opera. (Нет, он не любит оперу.)
……………………? - No, but I ride a bicycle. (Нет, но я езжу на велосипеде.)
……………………? - Yes, he plays the violin. (Да, он играет на скрипке.)
……………………? - Yes, I listen to it in the morning. (Да, я ее слушаю по утрам.)
……………………? - No, he doesn’t like cigarettes. (Нет, он не любит сигареты.)
……………………? - Yes, I often go to the gym. (Да, я часто хожу в спортзал.)
4. Напишите предложения, используя отрицательную форму настоящего простого времени.
Н-р: Kim/not/live/in Africa. (Ким не живет в Африке.) – Kim doesn’t live in Africa.
My computer/not/work. (Мой компьютер не работает.)
Tony/not/eat/meat or sausage. (Тони не ест мясо или колбасу.)
I/not/understand/Russian. (Я не понимаю русский язык.)
My kids/not/wear/hats. (Мои дети не носят шапки.)
We/not/finish/our work/so early. (Мы не заканчиваем работу так рано.)
Steve/not/sing/karaoke. (Стив не поет караоке.)
Present Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)
Употребление: описывает действия, которые происходят в момент речи (сейчас)


Exercises
1. Образуйте форму глаголов с окончанием –ing.
Н-р: walk – walking
have
come
listen
buy
swim
put
use
stop
drive
win
2. Переведите предложения в настоящем продолженном времени.
Хелен покупает помидоры на рынке.
Маленький Том плачет в спальне.
Идет дождь.
Мы играем в теннис с друзьями.
Мама готовит куриный суп.
Обезьянки едят бананы на дереве.
Мой брат учит стишок.
Куда идет твой отец?
Что ты читаешь?
Почему он спит сейчас?
Где играют твои дети?
Поезд не движется.
Мальчики не танцуют.
Джек и Джейн не помогают мне.
Учитель не смотрит на нас.
3. Составьте из слов предложения.
Н-р: the – I – beach – going – to – am. – I am going to the beach. (Я иду на пляж.)
Anna – juice – is – orange – drinking.
not – sun – shining – the – is.
are – parents – the – in – my – sitting – garden.
dress – she – long – is – a – today – wearing.
we – playing – not – violin – are – the.
4. Напишите утвердительные (+), отрицательные (-) или вопросительные (?) предложения в настоящем продолженном времени.
Н-р: George/drive very fast. (+) - George is driving very fast. (Джордж едет очень быстро.)
I/learn Russian. (-) - I am not learning Russian. (Я не учу русский.)
It/snow. (?) - Is it snowing? (Снег идет?)
George/drive very fast. (+)
I/learn Russian. (-)
It/snow. (?)
They/walk in the park. (+)
Sophie/eat berries. (-)
Mother/vacuum-clean. (?)
Jenny/write a postcard. (+)
We/swim in the swimming-pool. (-)
I/listen to music. (+)
Kevin/work. (?)
The nurse/feed the patient. (+)
The wind/blow. (?)
She/sing a lullaby. (-)
The boys/ride horses. (?)
They/build a new house. (-)
Future Simple Tense
Употребление: описывает действия, которые произойдут в будущем

Упражнение 1. Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в утвердительную, вопросительную и отрицательную формы Future Simple.
1. I (to do) morning exercises.
2. He (to work) at a factory.
3. She (to sleep) after dinner.
4. We (to work) part-time.
5. They (to drink) tea every day.
6. Mike (to be) a student.
7. Helen (to have) a car.
8. You (to be) a good friend.
9. You (to be) good friends.
10. It (to be) difficult to remember everything.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple.
1. Alice (to have) a sister.
2. Her sister’s name (to be) Ann.
3. Ann (to be) a student.
4. She (to get) up at seven o'clock.
5. She (to go) to the institute in the morning.
6. Jane (to be) fond of sports.
7. She (to do) her morning exercises every day.
8. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea.
9. After breakfast she (to go) to the institute.
10. Sometimes she (to take) a bus.
11. It (to take) her an hour and a half to do her homework.
12. She (to speak) English well.
13. Her friends usually (to call) her at about 8 o’clock.
14. Ann (to take) a shower before going to bed.
15. She (to go) to bed at 11 p. m.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple.
1. My working day (to begin) at six o'clock.
2. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the TV and (to brush) my teeth.
3. It (to take) me about twenty minutes.
4. I (to have) breakfast at seven o’clock.
5. I (to leave) home at half past seven.
6. I (to take) a bus to the institute.
7. It usually (to take) me about fifteen minutes to get there.
8. Classes (to begin) at eight.
9. We usually (to have) four classes a day.
10. I (to have) lunch at about 2 o’clock.
Упражнение 4. Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в Future Simple. Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).
1) They _____ football at the institute. (to play)
2) She _____ emails. (not / to write)
3) ____ you____ English? (to speak)
4) My mother ____ fish. (not / to like)
5) ____ Ann ____ any friends? (to have)
6) His brother _____ in an office. (to work)
7) She ___ very fast. (cannot / to read)
8) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (to water)
9) His wife _____ a motorbike. (not / to ride)
10) ____ Elizabeth_____ coffee? (to drink)
Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский язык:
Она будет занята. (to be busy)
2. Я не буду занят.
3. Вы будете заняты?
4. Они будут дома? (to be at home)
5. Его не будет дома.
6. Я не буду знать.
7. Они будут знать?
8. Она не будет знать.
9. Кто будет знать?
10. Никто не будет знать.
11. Он будет читать английские книги? (to read English books)
12. Они никогда не будут читать. (never / to read)
13. У неё будет квартира? (to have a flat)
14. У него ничего не будет.
15. Кто это будет?
Past simple Tense
Употребление: описывает действия, которые произошли в прошлом


Упражнение 1. Образуйте прошедшую форму данных глаголов и распределите их по трем колонкам в зависимости от окончаний. При этом вспомните правила орфографии.
Walk, wash, hope, stop, cry, watch, cook, play, open, talk, want, clean, work, live, close, end, smile, hurry, visit, count, finish, look, like, kiss, start
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы из настоящего в прошедшее время. Неправильные глаголы выделены жирным шрифтом. Не забудьте, что их форма меняется полностью.
ПРИМЕР 1 (для правильного глагола) . I play ball. (Я играю в мяч.) — I played ball. (Я играл в мяч.)
ПРИМЕР 2 (для неправильного глагола) . He goes to the park. (Он ходит в парк.) — He went to the park. (Он ходил в парк.)
1. I play dolls. 2. He wants to go home. 3. The driver stops the car. 4. He drinkstea every day. 5. It begins to rain. 6. They like our house. 7. I dream every night. 8. My sister cleans the room. 9. The teacher gives us dictation. 10. He sits at his desk and writes a letter. 11. Mary comes early. 12. The cat catches the fish in the river. 13. The dog eats its dinner. 14. The boys go for a holiday. 15. Richard knows George. 16. The plane flies very high. 17. He teaches us English. 18. I wash my hands every day. 19. He goes to school. 20. Liz cuts her finger.
Упражнение 3. Make negative sentences.
Сделайте предложения отрицательными. Для этого используйте отрицательную частицу «не» в прошедшем времени — didn’t.
Yesterday my sister felt sick, she didn’t feel good.
We met Susan yesterday, we _______ Helen.
At the lesson we read an English book, but we _______ a Russian book.
The road led to the theater, it _____ to the museum.
The children slept in the afternoon and they _____ at night.
My boss left in the afternoon, he _____ in the morning.
We kept no secrets, we _____ any secret at all.
Loran dreamt about a new bag, she ____ about new shoes.
The children fed a cat, they _____ the dog.
My granny swept the floor, my mother _____ it.
He meant no harm, he _______well.
Упражнение 4. Составьте вопросы из данных слов. Ответьте на них. Помните о порядке слов в предложении.
1. in the morning/you/when/get/up/did?
2. for dinner/last night/have/what/you/did?
3. did/by train/last time / you/when/travel?
4. do/what/last Sunday/you/did?
5. did/last summer/go/where/you?
6. visit/you/an art gallery/last time/did/when?
7. go/you/how/to work/did/on Monday?
Past Continuous Tense
Употребление: описывает действия, которые произошли в конкретное время в прошлом

1. Напишите, чем занималась миссис Тэйлор в определенное время.
Н-р: Mrs. Taylor was packing her bags at 6 a.m. (Миссис Тэйлор упаковывала сумки в 6 утра.)
6 a.m. pack her bags
7 a.m. drive to the airport
9 a.m. fly to Liverpool
noon have a business meeting
1 p.m. have lunch
2 p.m. check in at a hotel
3 p.m. talk to her boss on the phone
4 p.m. work in the Internet
2. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Continuous. Переведите предложения.
I … (live) in Mexico in June, 2010.
When I entered the bathroom he … (shave).
When she met him, they … (work) for the same company.
What you … (do) last night?
I showed him my new dress, but he … (not look) at it.
When it started to rain, they … (sit) on the grass.
Which hotel Anna … (stay) when she lost her credit card?
We … (sleep) when the phone rang.
Doctor Fleming discovered penicillin while he … (study) influenza.
Sam … (stand) under the tree because it … (rain).
When the teacher came into the classroom, the children … (run) and … (scream).
While Bob … (chop) the meat, his wife … (peel) potatoes.
When I arrived at the party, all the guests … (dance).
The waiter cut his finger while he … (pick up) the broken glasses.
What you … (wear) when he met you?
3. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Tom was sleeping in his bed when somebody stole his car. His wife was watching TV in the living-room. His mother, Mrs. Crown, was talking on the phone in her bedroom. His father, Mr. Crown, was playing cards with his neighbors. Tom’s son was listening to music with his headphones. And Tom’s daughter was taking a shower. The dog wasn’t barking.
Was Tom sleeping?
What was his wife doing?
Was Mrs. Crown talking on the phone in Tom’s bedroom?
Was Mr. Crown playing chess or cards?
What was Tom’s son listening to?
Tom’s daughter was taking a bath, wasn’t she?
Was the dog barking?
Present Perfect Tense
Употребление: описывает действия, которые произошли в прошлом,но результатом связаны с настоящим


Упражнение 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.
He _____ (finish) training.
She _____ (score) twenty points in the match.
We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
That's amazing! She _____ (run) fifteen kilometers this morning!
She _____ (buy) some really nice rollerblades!
Oh, no! I _____ (lose) my money!
My mum _____ (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.
Dad, you _____ (eat) my biscuit!
I’m tired. I _____ (watch) three X-Files videos.
Hurry up! They _____ (start) the film!
Mary _____ (study) hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.
Oh no! She _____ (drop) the plate!
The garden is very green. It _____ (rain) a lot this month.
These are my favourite trousers. I _____ (have) them for five years.
Tom's my best friend. I _____ (know) him for three years.
They _____ (live) in Miami for two years.
Jo has earache. He _____ (have) it since 7 o'clock.
Brad _____ (live) in Chicago since 1998.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect negative.
I _____ (not clean) my football boots.
They _____ (not start) their meal.
I _____ (not do) my homework.
He _____ (not win) all his matches this year.
My brother and I _____ (not see) any films this week.
It's my birthday party today. I _____ (not invite) many people.
He _____ (not wash) his hands. They're very dirty.
Mum's really angry. We _____ (not tidy) our room!
I can't play with my friends this evening. I _____ (not finish) my homework.
I _____ (not visit) New York for three years.
Where's Alison? We _____ (not see) her since yesterday.
Dad _____ (not take) a holiday since last August.
John _____ (not play) the violin since he was school.
Упражнение 3.
Заполните письмо Джейн глаголами в Present Perfect.
Complete Jane's letter to her American friend. Use the Present Perfect Tense.
Dear Amy
I _____ (1 not have) a letter from you for a long time. _____ (2 you lose) my address? I bought the new Steps CD at the weekend. I _____ (3 already listen) to it. _____ (4 you hear) it yet? It’s brilliant. There’s a new video too, but I _____ (5 not see) it yet.
School is going OK. I _____ (6 just finish) some exams, but the holidays _____ (7 not start) yet. We’re going to Ireland. I _____ (8 never be) there.
Write soon with your news.
Love
Jane
Past Perfect Tense
Употребление: описывает действия, которые завершились до начала другого действия в прошлом


Упражнения "Прошедшее совершенное время Past Perfect"
1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Perfect.
He never … (be) to Oxford before. (Он никогда раньше не был в Оксфорде.)
When I found my camera the butterfly already … (fly away). (Когда я нашел фотоаппарат, бабочка уже улетела.)
Sandra … (suffer) from pneumonia for many years. (Сандра страдала от пневмонии в течение многих лет.)
Tony … (not appear) on TV before that. (Тони никогда раньше не появлялся на ТВ.)
My cousin … (buy) the tickets before we came. (Мой кузен купил билеты до того, как мы пришли.)
I was too tired because my working day … (start) at six. (Я слишком устал, потому что мой рабочий день начался в шесть.)
2. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Simple и Past Perfect, обращая внимание на последовательность действий.
Н-р: When my mum … (appear), my father already … (start) the car. – When my mum appeared, my father had already started the car. (Когда мама появилась, мой папа уже завел машину.)
When the police … (arrive), we already … (catch) the thief.
Jack … (finish) the test before the bell … (ring).
When Anna … (come) to say good-night, her children already … (fall asleep).
Scott already … (prepare) the dinner when her husband … (get) home from work.
When Brad and Susan … (get married), they … (know) each other for 3 years.
She … (not enjoy) the film because she … (read) the book before.
Our apartment … (be) in a mess because I … (have) a birthday party the night before.
We … (not go) to a restaurant because we … (spend) all our money on clothes.
Mary … (can’t go) skating after she … (break) her leg.
Larry … (be late) because he … (get stuck) in a traffic jam.
3. Составьте предложения, выбрав начало из первой части и окончание – из второй. Переведите получившиеся предложения.
Н-р: 1 - c His parents were angry because he hadn’t phoned them for several months. (Его родители были рассержены, потому что он не звонил им несколько месяцев.)
I.
His parents were angry because …
The roses died because …
When we arrived at the cinema …
Bob was late for the train …
The electricity was switched off …
The student was happy …
II.
because we hadn’t paid the bill.
the film had already started.
he hadn’t phoned them for several months.
because he had passed all his exams.
because he had forgotten his passport.
I hadn’t watered them for several weeks.